Decarbonized Energies and the Wealth of Three European Nations: A Comparative Nexus Study Using Granger and Toda-Yamamoto Approaches

Considering the actual debate nuclear vs renewable that divides green transition of EU member states, this paper investigates dynamic interactions between two sources decarbonized energy (renewables and nuclear) economic growth for three distinct economies: France, Spain, Germany, all differing in their respective long-run planning. A complex methodological framework is employed to consider stationary (Augmented Dickey-Fuller test, Phillips-Perron Elliott-Rothenberg-Stock Kwiatkowski-Phillips-Schmidt-Shin Zivot Andrews test with structural break), cointegration (Johansen Juselius cointegration, Gregory Hansen breaks based on regime-trend shifts), convergence (Vector Error Correction Model), causality (Granger Toda-Yamamoto non-causality variance analysis (Impulse Response Functions) Empirical results period 1983–2019 fail support existence statistical use France which congruent “neutral hypothesis”. Besides, while a weak one-way link revealed from GDP Germany only, found substantially trigger consumption Spain but not vice versa , thus corroborating “growth Accordingly, country-specific insights are provided deploy low-carbon sectoral facilities enhance channels radioactive waste treatment secure phase-out Germany.